cms - Content Management System

Original Author: Matt Doyle https://www.elated.com/cms-in-an-afternoon-php-mysql/

Updates: Robert S.

Note: I use the hash sign # to note a comment, do not run it in the terminal.
Note: I use the dollar sign $ for the Linux prompt commands to type in or copy to run.
    Don't type or copy the dollar sign $ prompt it's self!
Note: I use the greater-than sign > for the MySQL prompt commands.
    Don't type or copy the greater-than sign > prompt it's self!
Note: The apt-get package mgr is used by debian Linux like Ubuntu.

Make www-data system-user account

# See if the account already exists?
$ id www-data
# If it says no such user, then:
$ sudo useradd --system --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin www-data

Make a Regular user account, if only the root account exists currently.

# Log in as Root user here
# replace jellybeansara with a user account name you desire like fredsmith
$ MYNEWUSER=jellybeansara
$ sudo adduser $MYNEWUSER
$ sudo usermod -aG www-data $MYNEWUSER
$ sudo usermod -aG sudo $MYNEWUSER

Git clone repo to pull it

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www
$ sudo chgrp www-data /var/www
$ if [ -z "$MYNEWUSER" ]; then MYNEWUSER="$USER"; fi 
$ sudo chown $MYNEWUSER /var/www
$ sudo chmod 775 /var/www
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install git openssl
# AS a normal user NOT Root, we will sudo or doas for that from most of the time:
$ cd /var/www
$ git clone https://git.mysnippetsofcode.com/bobs/cms
$ cd cms

SETUP MySQL as Root, run:

# Assign an empty password for MySQL root, it will be changed later...during mysql_secure_installation script.
# Install the server:
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server
$ sudo systemctl start mysql
$ sudo systemctl enable mysql

# Lets make a secure password for use with MySQL root account.
$ MROOT=$(openssl rand -base64 18)
$ echo "MySQL Root password is now: $MROOT"
# Copy this password to the clipboard

# The following script will prompt you to perform various security-related actions. Follow the prompts to set a root password (Paste in the password from the clipboard), remove anonymous users, disallow root login remotely, remove the test database, and reload the privilege tables.
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

# Lets make a secure password for use with MySQL user account EX zoombox.
$ CMSPWD=$(openssl rand -base64 18)
$ echo "MySQL cms database user zoombox account password is now: $CMSPWD"
# Copy this password to the clipboard now

# Lets create a new user account for mysql
$ mysql -u root -p$MROOT
> CREATE USER 'zoombox'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Paste_IN_The_Password_for_user_zoombox_in_the_step_above_here';
> GRANT ALL ON cms.* TO 'zoombox'@'localhost';
> create database cms;
> exit

Import the tables.sql file:

$ pushd protected/src
$ pwd
# You should be in /var/www/cms/protected/src
# Run as normal user account for mysql program to run safely.
# Do not use the root MySQL user for cms app!
$ mysql -u zoombox -p$CMSPWD cms < tables.sql
$ popd

You may want to edit the config.php file which is in the protected/src folder.

define( "BLOG_NAME", "Widgetz Newz" ); // Display Name for Titles

Create the .env file in root of Project to configure your secrets!

$ pwd
# You should be in /var/www/cms
# DO NOT use the root user for cms app!
$ nano .env
DB_TYPE=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_NAME=cms
DB_USERNAME=zoombox
DB_PASSWORD=Enter_the_Password_for_user_zoombox_here
ADMIN_USERS=zug:SunSet@XQWET,zig:CHANGE_ME_AS_WELL_MAKE_ONE_UP_HERE

(for Nano editor) Press ctrl+x to Save and Exit. Y to save. Enter to the default filename...

Note: the admin username is: zug

Admin password is: SunSet@XQWET

Install Composer

# Must be a regular user here to do composer install.
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
$ sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Install Composer deps

# Must be a regular user here to do composer install.
$ cd protected
$ pwd
# You should be in /var/www/cms/protected
$ composer install

Install web server apache2 or nginx

https://unit.nginx.org/ (looks neat)

Pick just one

# for Apache2
$ sudo apt-get install apache2
$ sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php8.3
# edit default site:
$ sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    # Replace example.com with your actual domain or IP address:
    ServerName example.com
    ServerAlias www.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/cms/public

    <Directory /var/www/cms/public>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
$ sudo a2ensite 000-default.conf
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite
# after php deps are installed come back and run this:
$ sudo a2enmod php8.3


---------------------------OR--------------------------------

# for nginx
$ sudo apt-get install nginx
$ sudo apt-get install php8.3-fpm
# Configure nginx for cms
$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/cms
server {
    listen 80;
    # Replace your_domain.com with your actual domain or IP address:
    server_name your_domain.com;
    root /var/www/cms/public;

    index index.php index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;  # Adjust the PHP version if necessary
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }
}

$ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/cms /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
$ sudo nginx -t
# if test is ok, then run:
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx

PHP deps

PHP gd and mysql must be installed:
$ sudo apt-get install php8.3 php8.3-gd php8.3-mysql

Make site use SSL certs to enable https

# Install Certbot to get SSL certs
$ sudo snap install --classic certbot
$ sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot

If installed Apache2:
$ sudo certbot --apache
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
----OR----
If installed nginx:
$ sudo certbot --nginx
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx